Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) are a newly emerged technology for energy-efficient\nwater and wastewater treatment. Much effort as well as significant progress has been made\nin advancing this technology towards practical applications treating various types of waste.\nHowever, BES application for agriculture has not been well explored. Herein, studies\nof BES related to agriculture are reviewed and the potential applications of BES for\npromoting sustainable agriculture are discussed. BES may be applied to treat the\nwaste/wastewater from agricultural production, minimizing contaminants, producing\nbioenergy, and recovering useful nutrients. BES can also be used to supply irrigation\nwater via desalinating brackish water or producing reclaimed water from wastewater. The\nenergy generated in BES can be used as a power source for wireless sensors monitoring\nthe key parameters for agricultural activities. The importance of BES to sustainable\nagriculture should be recognized, and future development of this technology should identify\nproper application niches with technological advancement.
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